奥丁卫星

奥丁卫星（Odin）是一颗瑞典发射的卫星，从事天文物理学和高层大气物理学两个学科的研究，以北欧神话中的奥丁命名。

在天文物理学领域，奥丁卫星用于辅助研究恒星的形成，直到2007年春天。奥丁卫星目前仍然用于航空观测，包括探索臭氧层消耗和全球暖化的影响。2019年2月，奥丁卫星庆祝运行18周年，并且仍正常运作。

Odin was a Swedish satellite working in two disciplines: astrophysics and aeronomy. It was named after Odin of Norse mythology. Within the field of astrophysics, Odin was used until the spring of 2007 aiding in the study of star formation. Odin was used for aeronomical observations, including exploration of the depletion of the ozone layer and effects of global warming. The satellite was functioning nominally until it deorbited on 3 August 2026.

Overview

The main instrument on Odin was a radiometer using a 1.1 m telescope, designed to be used for both the astronomy and aeronomy missions. The radiometer worked at 486–580 GHz and at 119 GHz. The second instrument on board was the OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System).

Odin was developed by the Space Systems Division of Swedish Space Corporation (now SSC Sweden) as part of an international project involving the space agencies of Sweden (SNSB), Finland (TEKES), Canada (CSA) and France (CNES). Odin was launched on a START-1 rocket on 20 February 2001 from Svobodny, Russia.

In April 2007, astronomers announced that Odin had made the first ever detection of molecular oxygen (O ₂) in interstellar clouds. The operator announced in 2025 that the satellite was expected to burn up in the atmosphere in the second quarter of 2026 and was expected to be operational until then, outliving the expected two year lifetime by 23 years.

Lists

International partners:

• Sweden
• Canada
• France
• Finland

Agencies or organizations involved in Odin:

• Swedish National Space Board
• Swedish Space Corporation
• Canadian Space Agency
• Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (of Canada)
• National Technology Agency of Finland
• CNES (France)

Objectives:

• Astronomy
• Aeronomy applications
• Atmospheric research
• Stratospheric ozone chemistry
• Mesospheric ozone science
• Summer mesospheric science
• Coupling of atmospheric regions

Results

Examples:

• Odin observed water in comets.
• Odin detected of molecular oxygen (O ₂) in interstellar clouds.
• Odin observed carbon monoxide in the strato-mesosphere.
• Odin studied nitrous oxides in the atmosphere.